After coagulation the destabilized particles can collide, aggregate so flocs can be formed. Coagulation and flocculation are two processes commonly used in water treatment in order to get rid of unwanted suspended material in water. Coagulation is both a physical and a chemical process. The wastewater of the case study is an effluent of a food industry dairypoultry. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as. Click download or read online button to coagulation and flocculation book pdf for free now. Water is clarified using the processes of coagulation and flocculation, which remove suspended solids turbidity from water by causing the suspended particles to aggregate into a slime, that settles out of the water. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. The processes of flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration should be used with coagulation to reduce suspended solids and turbidity. The effect of fast mixing conditions on the coagulation. Coagulation involves the use of a coagulant which has the potential to destabilize the previously stabilized charged.
However, some yeast strains will settle down at high ph values. Coagulants and polymers the coagulation process includes using primary coagulants and may include the addition of coagulant andor filter aids. Coagulation and flocculation tu delft opencourseware. The downside with denaturing as a way of coagulation of proteins is high cost associated with energy requirement. Combining the equation mentioned above with the solubility. The purpose of coagulation and flocculation is to remove particulate impurities, especially nonsettleable solids and colour from the water being treated. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation. These particles form clumps with the help of a coagulant. The floc is subsequently removed in most cases by sedimentation.
Coagulation, flocculation and precipitation youtube. This technique is used in treating wastewater, both industrial and treated sewage, from municipal wastewater treatment plants. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the customer wishing to monitor these processes. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water. Flocculation agents are natural synthetic polymers and synthetic organic polymers used to form the flocculant figure 1 demonstrates the flocculation process in the clarifier by the merging horizontal lines. The agglomeration consists of a destabilization and a transport process. Coagulation is an important step in water treatment and it involves in the addition of a coagulant to enhance the clotting of suspended particles in water.
The potential difference between the plates is v and the space between the plates is. Key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. Removal of color and turbidity and comparison of means fishers lsd. In the coagulation process, chemicals are added which will. Water supply system water supply system coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation and flocculation are two main and important steps in drinking and wastewater treatment. This module represents coagulation and flocculation. For example, two spheres coalesce to form one larger sphere.
What are the differences between flocculant and coagulant. Aiming at the treatment of this type of wastewater, the present study evaluated the performance of a combined coagulationflocculationsedimentation. Agglomeration refers to the formation of more or less firmly bound primary particles by collision processes between primary particles, primary particles and agglomerates, as well as preexisting agglomerates. Azizi1 1 american university of beirut, beirut, riad elsolh1107 2020, lebanon. Suspended particles cannot be removed completely by plain settling.
Because of this, the sedimentation step is usually preceded by a chemical process known as coagulation. They are typically used for treatment of wastewater containing colloids suspended particles and metal ions. It is difficult for yeast to settle down at ph values that are too low. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. This enables their removal by sedimentation, dissolved air flotation or filtration. Coagulation is the step where colloidal par ticles similar t o spheres of a diameter of less than 1 micrometer are destabilized. Another type of tanks combine between flocculation and sedimentation in one tank and called solid contact flocculator clarifier.
What is the difference between flocculation coagulation and coalescence. Between coagulation and flocculation, which one is. We used coagulationflocculation method as a preliminary treatment step but couldn. Pdf coagulation, flocculation and clarification of. The coagulation mechanism can be summarised in two steps. Cationic coagulants neutralize the negative charge of colloidsand form a spongy mass called microflocs. Coagulation is achieved by neutralizing the particles and thus, the repelling force between the particles is greatly reduced. Coagulation mostly happens in a rapid mixing tank for a few minutes. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking. Combined application of coagulationflocculationsedimentation.
As nouns the difference between aggregation and flocculation is that aggregation is the act of collecting together aggregating while flocculation is a condition in which clays, polymers or other small charged particles become attached and form a fragile structure, a floc. Both processes involve the union of different suspended particles together. These fundamentals serve as a basis for compliance with multiple treatment objectives and prepare the reader for additional detail introduced later in this manual. Large, heavy particles settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. Coagulation and flocculation provide the water treatment process by which finely divided suspended and colloidal matter in the water is made to agglomerate and form flocs. Nonsettleable particles in water are removed by the use of coagulating chemicals. Prospects and challenges of using coagulationflocculation. Coagulation, flocculation and agglutination are terms that usually cause confusion.
The reactions between particles and coagulant will allow the formation of aggregates and their subsequent sedimentation. The difference between these two categories is as follows. But the phenomena are also wellknown from everyday life especially coagulation. Coagulant chemicals with charges opposite those of the suspended solids are added to. The process of agglomeration of the destabilized particles to such a size that separation by sedimentation and filtration is possible. Download pdf coagulation and flocculation free online. Filtration is the process of flowing a solidliquid blend through a porous media in order to retain the solids and let the liquid through. In flocculation one can make a distinction between perikinetic and. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the. Coagulation and flocculation are designed to remove infectious agents, remove toxic compounds that have adsorbed to the surface of particles, remove precursors to the formation of disinfection byproducts, and make the water palatable. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. Pdf comparative study between flocculationcoagulation.
Introduction the need to clarify water aesthetics and health colloids impart color and turbidity to water aesthetical acceptability microbes are colloids too 042716 water treatment 2. On the other hand, flocculation means to form flocs. Comparative study between flocculationcoagulation processesin raw wastewater treatment. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. There is no attempt to provide an exhaustive description of various coagulants, coagulant aids, flocculants, mechanical flocculation techniques, clarification designs or. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical. If the recovered sludge from coagulationflocculation treatment is to be used for animal feeds, the toxicity of chemical agents as coagulants is a very important issue. The terms coagulation and flocculation are two separate processes, contrary to common usage. Correct application of coagulation and flocculation processes and selection of the.
Flocculation is gentle stirring or agitation to encourage. After employing the flocculation process, the coagulated particles form a large agglomeration, which is also known as floc. Colloidal particles colloids are midway in size1 between dissolved solids and suspended matter. View test prep what is the difference between coagulation and flocculation from civil engi vdb 2023 at petronas technology university. The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size, shape, and density. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. The destabilization is divided into coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation refers to clotting of the blood and forming clots or large clumps. Principlea and design, mwh2005, isbn 04710110183 5. Comparative study between flocculationcoagulation processes in rawwastewater treatment. Coagulation and flocculation in water treatment prepared by. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment.
Removal of turbidity by coagulation depends on the type of colloids in suspension, the temperature, ph, chemical. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water terry l. Coagulation, flocculation and agglomeration the american. However, they can be commonly adopted for destabilizing any suspension system. During coagulation, the coagulantalum are added to destabilize the surface charge of particles. Coagulation is a process to neutralize charges and then to form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification. What is the exact differences between coagulation and. Coagulation and flocculation coagulation and flocculationconsist of adding a flocforming chemical reagent to a water to enmesh or combine with nonsettleable colloidal solids and slowsettling suspended solids to produce a rapidsettling floc. Coagulation and flocculation download coagulation and flocculation ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format.
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